Se nos echa encima el invierno y, con ella, las bufandas pronto tendrán un lugar protagonista en el armario. Sea como fuere, la bufanda es un complemento de moda con una función que nos protege y resguarda de climas adversos, pero… ¿conoces la historia de esta prenda?
Origen de la Bufanda
El origen de la bufanda se encuentra en el Antiguo Egipto y, aunque te parezca uno de los climas menos adecuados para disfrutar de una buena bufanda tupida, la realidad es que su función era totalmente diferente.
En la antigüedad, las bufandas se utilizaban para recoger el sudor en lugar de para protegerse del frío por parte de distintas culturas. Algunos apuntan al Antiguo Egipto y otros a la Antigua Roma como primer origen de la prenda. La bufanda se conocía en estos tiempos como “sudarium” y se incorporaba a la vestimenta alrededor del cuello o de la cintura para recoger el sudor.
El consenso llega con la Antigua China Imperial, donde una especie de pañuelos eran utilizados para identificar el rango de los guerreros y agentes del orden, según indican algunos historiadores. De hecho, se cree que esta tendencia se extendió hacia Croacia en el siglo XVII como seña de identidad y que fue lo que derivó en el invento de la corbata.
El comandante Matejcic del regimiento militar «Royal Cravattes» de Croacia, hacía referencia no hace demasiado a su origen, indicando que las mujeres croatas al despedirse de sus hombres que iban a la guerra, solían atarles un pañuelo rojo al cuello como señal de fidelidad y esperanza sobre su regreso.
La revolución de la bufanda
La mayoría de los expertos coinciden en que la bufanda con su uso actual tiene su origen en Inglaterra, donde se potencia este tejido de lana que es como comúnmente se describe la prenda.
En cualquier caso, sería la burguesía y la nobleza del siglo XIX quienes comenzarían a popularizar la prenda tal y como se conoce hoy en día. La industria de la moda comenzó a fijarse en este accesorio, viendo cómo su uso era común en muchas culturas con distintos nombres para la prenda y decidieron comenzar a trabajar con ellas.
No obstante, será en el siglo XX cuando definitivamente se incorpore a los armarios de todo el mundo en distintas versiones y formatos, pero siendo utilizada tanto por hombres como por mujeres.
Ten en cuenta que durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, tejer se convirtió en algo común entre mujeres y niños. Así, creaban jerséis, calcetines y bufandas para cuidar a sus militares en las trincheras. Los pilotos también optaron por un pañuelo de seda similar y de color blanco para proteger el cuello de roces.
Como curiosidad, siempre asociado a ese rol de la prenda, las bufandas blancas sirvieron durante la gripe española para marcar las casas en las que vivía algún contagiado allá por 1918-1920, según la nieta de Elinor Elisberg Miller, superviviente de la pandemia.
La bufanda en la actualidad
Bufandas, pañuelos,… distintas medidas, tamaños y funcionalidades coronan hoy día casi cualquier look, especialmente cuando queremos proteger nuestra piel; ya sea del frío con una buena bufanda de lana o para protegernos de un viento fuerte que arrastra arena y suciedad.
La revolución industrial y la aparición de fibras sintéticas han permitido la proliferación de diseños, tejidos y estampados que se adaptan a casi cualquier estilo y situación.
Hoy en día China, India, Hong Kong e Indonesia son los principales fabricantes de bufandas de todo tipo con distintos materiales como seda, lana, pashmina o cachemir.
Así se ha creado toda una cultura fetiche en torno a las bufandas; un buen ejemplo es el caso de Hermés, una de las primeras firmas en apostar por ellas, hasta el punto que en su página oficial se reflejaba hace unos años la idea de que las bufandas que no se vendían de cada colección eran destruidas al año siguiente; algo totalmente impensable en la actualidad por la responsabilidad eco-social y la realidad económica.
14 respuestas a «#PrendasconHistoria La Bufanda como complemento práctico»
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