En la actualidad, existen una amplia variedad de métodos anticonceptivos, desde métodos, hormonales como las pastillas anticonceptivas, a métodos de barrera, como es el caso del preservativo que, además, previene de ciertas enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Sin embargo, hay una serie de prácticas, mal denominadas anticonceptivas, que son consideradas erróneamente como una buena opción para evitar un embarazo. Entre estas prácticas encontramos el popularmente denominado “método calendario”.
Hoy vamos a entender por qué el “método calendario” no es un método completamente fiable. Además, hablaremos de los anticonceptivos de emergencia, como Postintor® (www.postinor.es), que son medicamentos hormonales que impiden la ovulación y pueden ser una solución en caso de haber mantenido relaciones sexuales sin protección o fallo de un método anticonceptivo.
Los peligros del método calendario
El método calendario, también llamado método del ritmo o método Ogino-Knaus, se basa en el control y seguimiento del ciclo menstrual, ya que, conociendo cuando es más probable que se produzca la ovulación, podemos conocer en qué días la probabilidad de embarazo es más alta. Para conseguir ese seguimiento, se pueden utilizar diferentes técnicas como medir la temperatura corporal (que aumenta ligeramente en los días cercanos al momento de ovulación) o llevar un control del ciclo según los días que hayan transcurrido desde el momento de la menstruación.
Pero… ¿Cuál es el principal problema de este método? La duración del ciclo menstrual varía de una mujer a otra por lo que es difícil calcular el momento exacto de la ovulación. Además, el ciclo menstrual no es regular y depende de muchos factores por lo que la ovulación puede ocurrir antes o después de lo inicialmente calculado. Por tanto, aunque haya unos días en los que la probabilidad de que ocurra la ovulación es más elevada y, por tanto, el riesgo de embarazo también, no se puede garantizar la efectividad de este método. De hecho, se calcula un porcentaje de efectividad entre el 75 y el 90% en aquellas mujeres con un buen seguimiento del método y muy estables en su ciclo menstrual.
Métodos de emergencia contra el embarazo
En caso de que el método anticonceptivo habitual haya fallado, se tenga dudas de si ha funcionado correctamente o no se haya usado un método anticonceptivo se puede recurrir de forma ocasional a las popularmente denominadas “píldoras del día después” o anticonceptivos de emergencia. Un ejemplo de uno de estos anticonceptivos de emergencia es Postinor®, comercializado en España por Gedeon Richter, el cual es un comprimido de 1,5 mg cuyo principio activo es levonorgestrel.
Consiste en una píldora anticonceptiva de emergencia que previene aproximadamente el 84% de los embarazos no deseados si se toma dentro de las 72 horas posteriores a haber mantenido una relación sexual sin protección. Este medicamento podría actuar impidiendo la ovulación y, en caso de que se haya producido, evitando que los espermatozoides alcancen el óvulo liberado. Sin embargo, si ya ha habido fecundación, cabe recordar que la píldora anticonceptiva de emergencia no impediría el embarazo.
La píldora anticonceptiva de emergencia no debe ser tu método anticonceptivo habitual y solo se debe recurrir a ella en caso de haber mantenido relaciones desprotegidas.
Para más información sobre la anticoncepción de emergencia visita www.postinor.es
15 respuestas a «¿Por qué no es fiable el “método calendario” para evitar un embarazo no deseado?»
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